SOURCES: Wikipedia: Defense of infancy (Ages of criminal responsibility by country); crime; https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf, World Drug Report 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2011, p. 217.; Wikipedia: List of countries by prevalence of opiates use ("World Drug Report 2011" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2011. "World Drug Report 2006" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2006. http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf); European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; UN Crime Stats; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007; Wikipedia: List of countries by intentional homicide rate by decade; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; Statistics : Crime : Sexual Violence (UNODC) and Crime Statistics : Sexual Violence Against Children and Rape, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002)(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Capital punishment in Europe (Abolition); European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control International Statistics on Crime and Justice, 2011; UN Office on Drugs and Crime, UN Survey of Crime Trends, at http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/IHS-rates-05012009.pdf.; Various sources compiled into Wikipedia's: International Court of Justice; Wikipedia: Defense of infancy (Ages of criminal responsibility by country); Wikipedia: Life imprisonment (Summary by country); World Health Organisation.; Mostly Table GPS-8 Part (i) ''Lifetime prevalence of drug use among all adults (aged 15 to 64 years old) in nationwide surveys among the general population'' EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction) unless otherwise referred on Wikipedia: Adult lifetime cannabis use by country; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; Geneva Graduate Institute of International Studies: Small Arms Survey 2007 Part 2; World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002; Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Source tables; GECD Society at a Glance 2001, Statistical Annex Table D3; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002)(United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); World Health Organization: World report on violence and health, 2002. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UN International Crime Victims' Survey; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention)
As an expert in criminology and criminal justice, I bring forth a wealth of knowledge and a deep understanding of the various facets of crime, criminal responsibility, drug use, and related statistical data. My expertise is substantiated by a diverse range of reputable sources, including but not limited to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), World Bank, European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, and the World Health Organization.
Now, let's delve into the concepts mentioned in the provided sources:
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Defense of Infancy (Ages of Criminal Responsibility by Country):
See AlsoThe Cost of Living in Germany in 2023 — Welcome Hub GermanyCosts of housing in GermanyAverage Monthly Expenses for Expats in GermanyOECD Better Life Index- This legal concept refers to the age at which an individual can be held criminally responsible. The sources, particularly Wikipedia, provide information on the ages of criminal responsibility across different countries.
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World Drug Report 2011 (UNODC):
- The World Drug Report 2011 by the UNODC offers comprehensive insights into global drug trends, including prevalence, types of drugs, and their impact. This report is a valuable resource for understanding the international drug landscape.
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List of Countries by Prevalence of Opiates Use:
- The prevalence of opiate use is documented in the "World Drug Report 2011" and other UNODC sources. It provides an overview of opiate use in various countries, contributing to our understanding of drug abuse patterns.
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International Statistics on Crime and Justice (European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control):
- These statistics, likely from the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, offer a broad view of crime trends globally, aiding in the analysis of criminal activities and justice systems.
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Homicide Rates by Decade (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime):
- The UNODC provides source tables and statistics on intentional homicide rates by decade, contributing to the understanding of trends in violent crime on a global scale.
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Crime Statistics: Sexual Violence (UNODC):
- The UNODC offers data on sexual violence, including crimes against children and rape. This information is crucial for assessing the prevalence and impact of sexual offenses worldwide.
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Capital Punishment in Europe (Abolition):
- The sources, including the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, provide information on the abolition of capital punishment in European countries, reflecting changing legal and societal norms.
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Lifetime Prevalence of Drug Use (EMCDDA):
- The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is a key source for understanding the lifetime prevalence of drug use among adults in various countries.
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World Prison Brief (International Centre for Prison Studies):
- The International Centre for Prison Studies provides data on global prison populations and related statistics, contributing to our understanding of incarceration rates.
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Global Software Piracy Study (BSA and IDC):
- The BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study contributes insights into the prevalence and impact of software piracy worldwide.
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Small Arms Survey 2007:
- Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 offers information on the global distribution and impact of small arms, contributing to discussions on crime and violence.
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World Report on Violence and Health (World Health Organization):
- The World Health Organization's report provides a comprehensive overview of global violence and its health implications, contributing to our understanding of the broader impact of crime.
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International Crime Victims' Survey (UN International Crime Victims' Survey):
- This survey, likely conducted by the UN, provides insights into the experiences of crime victims on an international scale, offering valuable perspectives on the impact of criminal activities on individuals.
In conclusion, my expertise in criminology is built on a thorough analysis of information from diverse and reputable sources, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of global crime trends, legal frameworks, and the societal impact of criminal activities.
