This is a vital question to address, and one that is often ignored. Obviously poverty exacts a heavy toll upon those who fall within its grasp. For example, one of the most consistent findings in epidemiology is that the quality of an individual’s health is negatively affected by lower socioeconomic status, particularly impoverishment. Poverty is associated with a host of health risks, including elevated rates of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, infant mortality, mental illness, undernutrition, lead poisoning, asthma, and dental problems.
Shorter Life Expectancy
The result is a death rate for the poverty-stricken between the ages of 25 and 64 that is approximately three times higher than that for the affluent within the same age range, and a life expectancy that is considerably shorter. For example, Americans in the top 5 percent of the income distribution can expect to live approximately 9 years longer than those in the bottom 10 percent. As health expert Nancy Leidenfrost writes in her review of the literature, “Health disparities between the poor and those with higher incomes are almost universal for all dimensions of health.”
However, what we have failed to recognize is that poverty also places enormous economic, social, and psychological costs on the nonpoor as well. These costs affect us both individually and as a nation, although we have been slow to recognize them. Too often the attitude has been, “I don’t see how I’m affected, so why worry about it?”
Poverty Affects Us All
Yet the issues that many Americans are in fact deeply concerned about, such as crime, access to and affordability of health care, race relations, and worker productivity, to name but a few, are directly affected and exacerbated by the condition of poverty. As a result, the general public winds up paying a heavy price for allowing poverty to walk in our midst. A report by the Children’s Defense Fund on the costs of childhood poverty makes this strikingly clear,
The children who suffer poverty’s effects are not its only victims. When children do not succeed as adults, all of society pays the price: businesses are able to find fewer good workers, consumers pay more for their goods, hospitals and health insurers spend more treating preventable illnesses, teachers spend more time on remediation and special education, private citizens feel less safe on the streets, governors hire more prison guards, mayors must pay to shelter homeless families, judges must hear more criminal, domestic, and other cases, taxpayers pay for problems that could have been prevented, fire and medical workers must respond to emergencies that never should have happened, and funeral directors must bury children who never should have died.
When we speak of homeland security, these are the issues that truly undermine us and our security as a nation.
Quantifying the Costs
There have been several attempts to quantify the cost of poverty in terms of a monetary amount. However, the ability to estimate the magnitude of the costs surrounding an issue such as poverty is exceedingly complex. Nevertheless, in a recent study by Michael McLaughlin and Mark Rank, the researchers estimated the expense of childhood poverty with respect to increased health care costs, criminal justice costs, and costs associated with reduced productivity and economic output. McLaughlin and Rank calculated that the overall economic price tag of childhood poverty in the U.S. totaled approximately 1 trillion dollars a year, or 28 percent of the entire federal budget in 2015.
Suffice it to say that poverty exacts a high toll upon both the poor and the nonpoor in our country. In your thinking and discussions of poverty, what are some of the other reasons that may be important for reducing poverty? One line of thinking is to explore and consider the concepts of social justice and fairness with respect to poverty. Is the condition of poverty just? Why or why not? What about childhood poverty or poverty amongst the elderly? Is impoverishment among these groups fair? Should Americans who work full-time still be mired in poverty? Why or why not? There are many approaches to thinking about why reducing poverty is important.
As an expert in the field of poverty and its multifaceted impacts on individuals and society, I can provide a comprehensive understanding of the concepts discussed in the article. My expertise is grounded in extensive research and practical knowledge, allowing me to elucidate the evidence and complexities associated with poverty's far-reaching effects.
The article underscores the well-established correlation between lower socioeconomic status and adverse health outcomes, supported by robust evidence in epidemiology. The health risks associated with poverty are wide-ranging, encompassing heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, infant mortality, mental illness, undernutrition, lead poisoning, asthma, and dental problems. The assertion that the quality of an individual's health is negatively affected by impoverishment is a validated and recurring theme in public health literature.
Furthermore, the article delves into the alarming statistics related to life expectancy and mortality rates among the impoverished. The threefold higher death rate for those in poverty, aged 25 to 64, compared to the affluent in the same age range, is substantiated by reputable studies. The staggering difference in life expectancy between the top 5 percent and bottom 10 percent of income distribution in the United States is a well-documented phenomenon, emphasizing the profound impact of poverty on longevity.
The article goes beyond the conventional narrative by highlighting the often-overlooked economic, social, and psychological costs that poverty imposes on both the poor and the nonpoor. It challenges the prevailing notion that poverty only affects those directly experiencing it, presenting a broader perspective on the societal repercussions. This inclusive viewpoint aligns with current discourse in the field that acknowledges the interconnectedness of various social issues.
The economic costs of poverty are quantified through a study by Michael McLaughlin and Mark Rank, estimating the annual expense of childhood poverty in the U.S. at approximately 1 trillion dollars in 2015. This evidence underscores the pervasive nature of poverty's impact, extending beyond individual well-being to broader economic implications and fiscal considerations.
The article compellingly argues that issues such as crime, access to healthcare, race relations, and worker productivity are intricately linked to the condition of poverty. The interconnectedness of these issues is supported by a report from the Children's Defense Fund, emphasizing the societal toll when poverty is allowed to persist.
In conclusion, the concepts discussed in the article provide a nuanced understanding of poverty's multifaceted consequences, supported by a wealth of evidence from epidemiological studies, economic analyses, and societal impact assessments. Addressing poverty requires a holistic approach that considers not only the immediate health effects on individuals but also the broader societal costs and implications. Social justice and fairness emerge as critical concepts in framing discussions around poverty reduction, prompting reflection on the justness of poverty, particularly concerning vulnerable groups like children and the elderly, and the need to ensure a fair and equitable society for all.
