What is Dual Citizenship & Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship (2024)

Dual citizenship is an exciting opportunity to live your life on multiple paths. Dual citizenship offers a variety of advantages, including visa-free travel, improved tax planning opportunities, and enhanced asset protection.

But what is dual citizenship, exactly? How do you go about getting it? What are the benefits? Which countries offer dual citizenship?

What is Dual Citizenship?

You may have heard the term “dual citizenship” before but have not been entirely sure what it meant. It is a bit of a complex question since the concept can mean different things to different people. For one thing, dual citizenship is different from having a second citizenship.

Simply put, dual citizenship means being a citizen of two countries simultaneously. A person is a dual citizen when he lives in one country but is also a citizen of another. But there are other ways to look at it too. For example, some might say that dual citizenship exists when someone holds two passports from different countries. Or when someone is a national of two countries.

Dual citizenship is not permitted in every country. Countries have different laws on dual citizenship. Dual citizenship is a complex matter, so it is essential to research the laws of both countries before deciding to become a dual citizen.

Why is Understanding Dual Citizenship important?

Relinquishing your original passport is not ideal. However, trading one passport for a more powerful one is not necessarily bad. Before making such a decision, you need to know all about the countries that allow dual citizenship and those that do not.

Some countries still strictly forbid acquiring a second passport. However, in recent years several countries have fostered a more favourable attitude towards allowing their citizens to hold Dual Citizenship, either through recognising Dual/Multiple Citizenship or amending their requirements for naturalisation.

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The Benefits of Dual Citizenship

  1. Global Mobility - Some passports do not allow you the luxury of travelling to any destination and can be pretty restrictive. Restrictive passports make travelling a complex matter as travel visas must be obtained. A second passport can solve that problem by increasing one’s mobility and removing the bureaucracy from the equation.
  2. Residence – One of the benefits of dual citizenship is guaranteed residence in multiple countries. Residence can be a significant advantage for individuals who wish to live and work in more than one country.
  3. Property Ownership – Following local laws and regulations, dual citizenship makes property ownership possible.
  4. Business - Acquiring second citizenship opens the doors to many business opportunities and concludes business deals that were otherwise unavailable or hard to come by based on the original passport.
  5. Security - Obtaining a second passport from a stable country puts your mind at rest. In the event of any social, political or economic instability in one’s own country, you maintain a plan B.
  6. Cultural Immersion - Being a citizen of another country is an opportunity to learn about another culture, tradition, and way of life.
  7. Quality of Life – By obtaining dual citizenship, you can access world-class education and health care and an overall enhanced lifestyle.

    High net worth families, in particular, gain several benefits through dual citizenship. By obtaining Dual Citizenship status, these families have the means to unlock their full potential by accessing better opportunities in another country. These opportunities include securing the family’s future through education, health care or simply a better lifestyle.

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    The Processes of Obtaining Dual Citizenship

The process of obtaining dual citizenship varies from one country to the other. It is essential to look into the laws and regulations of the countries where you want to obtain dual citizenship. The following are just some of the processes:

Birth

An individual can be a non-resident but still gain citizenship if their parents were born in that country. You might claim dual citizenship if you were born in certain countries. For instance, if you were born in the United States to parents from another country, you may be eligible for dual citizenship.

Naturalisation

An individual can acquire citizenship for a certain number of years as a permanent resident. For example, permanent residents of Canada must reside in Canada for four out of six years to be eligible to apply for citizenship. However, individuals with temporary status must gain permanent residency to start counting their years as residents toward the citizenship requirement.

Marriage

Some countries grant permanent resident status upon marriage with a citizen, which speeds up the time needed to become an official citizen.

Investment

Many countries now offer citizenship or residency by investment programmes to high-net-worth individuals. Citizenship by investment is acquiring second citizenship by investing in the host country’s economy. Residency by investment programmes offers permanent residency after the investment, which again speeds up the time to citizenship.

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Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship in 2023

Many countries allow dual citizenship outright, while others allow it only in particular circ*mstances. Here is a comprehensive list of countries that allow dual citizenship.

AlbaniaCentral African RepublicThe GambiaLatviaPeruSwitzerland
AlgeriaChileGermany*LebanonPhilippinesSyria
American SamoaColombiaGhanaLithuaniaPolandTaiwan
AngolaComorosGreeceLuxembourgPortugalTajikistan
Antigua & BarbudaRepublic of Congo (Brazzaville)GrenadaMacau RomaniaThailand
ArgentinaCosta RicaGuatemalaMacedonia Russian FederationTibet
AustraliaIvory CoastGuinea-BissauMali Saint Kitts & Nevis Tonga
ArmeniaCroatiaHaitiMalta Saint LuciaTrinidad & Tobago
AustraliaCyprusHondurasMauritiusSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesTunisia
BarbadosCzech RepublicHong KongMexicoSamoaTurkey
BelgiumDenmarkHungaryMoldova*ScotlandUganda
BelizeDjiboutiIcelandMoroccoSerbiaUnited Kingdom
BeninDominicaIraqNamibiaSeychellesUnited States
BoliviaDominican RepublicIrelandNauruSierra LeoneUruguay
Bosnia & HerzegovinaEast TimorIsraelNew ZealandSloveniaVatican City
BrazilEcuadorItalyNicaraguaSomaliaVenezuela
BulgariaEgyptJamaicaNiger South AfricaVietnam
Burkina FasoEl SalvadorJordanNigeriaSouth SudanBritish Virgin Islands
BurundiEquatorial GuineaKenyaPakistan SpainYemen
CambodiaFijiSouth KoreaPanamaSri LankaZambia
CanadaFinlandKosovoPapua New GuineaSudanZimbabwe
Cape VerdeFranceKyrgyzstanParaguaySweden

EU Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship

CyprusGreeceMaltaCzech RepublicHungaruPortugal
DenmarkIrelandPolandFranceItalySpain
FinlandLatviaSwedenGermanyLithuania

Countries that Don't Allow Dual Citizenship

AfghanistanIranMaldivesSan MarinoAndorraJapan
Marshall IslandsSao Tome and PrincipeAustriaKazakhstanMauritaniaSaudi Arabia
AzerbaijanKiribatiMicronesiaSingaporeBahrainNorth Korea
MonacoSlovakiaChinaKuwaitMongoliaSuriname
DjiboutiLaosMozambiqueSwazilandEritreaLesotho
Myanmar, BurmaTanzaniaEstoniaLiberiaNepalTogo
EthiopiaLibiaNetherlandsUkraineGeorgiaLiechtenstein
NorwayUnited Arab EmiratesGuineaMalaysiaOmanUzbekistan
GuyanaMontenegroPalauVanuatuIndiaMadagascar
QatarIndonesiaMalawiRwanda

Dual Citizenship with the US

Is dual citizenship allowed in the United States of America?

The answer is YES. A naturalised US citizen is not required by US law to relinquish their other citizenship.

You must use a US passport to enter and exit the country if you have dual citizenship and intend to travel there or back.

Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship with USA

AlbaniaBulgaria*GrenadaNigeriaSouth Korea*Algeria
CanadaHungaryNorwaySwedenAngolaChile
IcelandPanama*SyriaAntigua and BarbudaCosta RicaItaly
PakistanTurkeyArgentinaCroatia*IrelandPeru
United KingdomArmeniaCyprusIsraelThe PhilippinesVanuatu
AustraliaCzech RepublicJamaicaPortugalBangladeshDenmark
LatviaRomaniaBarbadosDominicaLuxembourgRussia
BelgiumEgyptMalawiSt. Kitts and NevisBelizeFinland
MaltaSt. LuciaBeninFranceMexicoSerbia
BoliviaGermany*Netherlands*SloveniaBrazilGreece
New ZealandSouth Africa

*These countries allow dual citizenship with the US under specific conditions.

Maltese and US Citizenship

A citizen of Malta may now get and hold other foreign citizenships in addition to their Maltese citizenship as of 10 February 2000. With the new legislation, a person who had previously lost his Maltese citizenship may automatically regain it after meeting specific requirements. This would mean that one can hold both Maltese and US citizenship.

Dual citizenship is a fascinating concept that grants individuals the unique opportunity to belong to and enjoy the privileges of two countries simultaneously. The benefits are numerous and diverse, ranging from visa-free travel and enhanced tax planning opportunities to improved asset protection. As someone well-versed in this field, I can explain the intricacies and processes involved in obtaining dual citizenship.

The term "dual citizenship" refers to the status of being a citizen of two countries concurrently. It's essential to note that this concept differs from merely having a second citizenship; it encompasses the legal recognition and rights tied to nationality in two nations. The acquisition of dual citizenship isn't universally permitted and varies significantly based on each country's laws and regulations.

There are various paths to attaining dual citizenship:

  1. Birth: Some countries confer citizenship based on the principle of jus sanguinis (right of blood), allowing individuals to claim citizenship if their parents were born in that country.

  2. Naturalization: This route involves becoming a citizen after residing in a country for a specified period, meeting residency requirements, and fulfilling conditions such as language proficiency and knowledge of the country's laws.

  3. Marriage: In certain cases, marriage to a citizen of another country can expedite the process of obtaining citizenship or permanent residency.

  4. Investment: Many nations offer citizenship or residency through investment programs, where high-net-worth individuals can gain citizenship or residency by investing in the country's economy.

The advantages of dual citizenship are extensive, encompassing global mobility, guaranteed residence in multiple countries, property ownership rights, enhanced business opportunities, and a sense of security amid socio-political instabilities. Additionally, it allows for cultural immersion, access to superior healthcare and education, and an overall improved quality of life.

Understanding the countries that permit dual citizenship is crucial. While some countries outright allow it, others might have specific conditions or restrictions. For instance, EU countries like Cyprus, Greece, Malta, and Portugal facilitate dual citizenship, whereas nations like Afghanistan, Japan, and Singapore do not permit it.

In the context of the United States, dual citizenship is permitted. Naturalized citizens are not mandated by US law to renounce their other citizenships. However, using a US passport for entry and exit is necessary when traveling to or from the US.

Lastly, considering specific cases such as Maltese citizenship, which allows individuals to hold multiple foreign citizenships, showcases the evolving nature of these policies and their impact on global mobility.

The landscape of dual citizenship is intricate and continually evolving, influenced by geopolitical shifts and economic considerations. Understanding its nuances and the regulations of respective countries is pivotal for those considering pursuing this status.

For deeper insights into specific programs like Malta's citizenship by investment or the evolving landscape of dual citizenship, exploring updated resources and recent legislative changes is advisable.

What is Dual Citizenship & Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship (2024)
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