Trading: Todo sobre los CFD (2024)

Marcelo Berenstein

Los contratos por diferencia(en inglés,contract for difference, CFD) es un derivado financiero mediante la cual, a través de un contrato, el vendedor se compromete a pagar al comprador la diferencia entre el valor actual de un activo subyacente y su valor en tiempo del contrato. En el caso de que la diferencia sea negativa, el comprador paga al vendedor.

Antes de empezar a invertir en CFD, es importante saber que requieren mucho análisis por parte de los traders, ya que pueden ganar tanto con las subas de precio con operaciones en largo, como con las bajas de precio mediante las operaciones en corto.

Ventajas

Un beneficio de los CFDs es la posibilidad de invertir en el movimiento de precios en ambos sentidos, haciendo depender la ganancia y la pérdida de la exactitud de la previsión al invertir.

Además, es una gran opción para aprovechar todo lo que ofrecen las nuevas tecnologías en términos financieros.

Otro beneficio es que con un solo producto puedes acceder en diferentes mercados. Esto significa que con un CFD puedes invertir en subyacentes tan diversos como como criptomonedas, acciones,índices,divisas obonos, entre otros.

Para iniciar, se exige al inversor un pequeño importe en carácter de depósito de garantías, lo que permite operar por montos mayores.

Desventajas

Una contra de los CFDs es que en las operaciones en corto se encuentran muy poca cantidad de valores con poco volumen. Otra desventaja es que la mayoría de esos pocos valores de volumen bajo no permiten apalancarse.

Otro punto negativo es que los CFDs pueden tener comisiones altas. En ese sentido, siempre conviene tener en cuenta el costo de las comisiones en el mundo financiero.

Cómo operar

Trading en largo y en corto

Como señalamos más arriba, con los CFDs permiten invertir en los movimientos de los precios hacia arriba y hacia abajo.

Para hacerlo más sencillo: Si estás seguro de que el valor de un activo subirá, el CFD te permite comprar u operar en largo, obteniendo ganancias ante cada suba del precio del activo.

Por el contrario, si estás convencido que el precio baja, te posicionas en corto y sacas tajadas de cada caída del precio.

Lo importante es tener claro de que, si invertís en largo y el precio baja, vas a sufrir pérdidas y lo mismo si te posicionas en corto y el precio sube.

Apalancamiento

Este tipo de trading permite una mayor exposición mayor sin necesidad de desembolsar el total de los costos desde el inicio de la operación.

Con una operación estándar, debes pagar el costo de las acciones, en cambio con un CFD puedes operar con un depósito del 5% del costo total (dependiendo de la plataforma que utilices).

En este tipo de trading es muy importante que estés atento para no sobrepasarte en las operaciones ya que, así como los beneficios pueden multiplicarse, las pérdidas podrían ser mayores a tu depósito inicial. Debes tener en cuenta que tanto las ganancias como las pérdidas se calculan tomando como base el tamaño completo de tu posición, desde el momento en que la abriste hasta cuando la cierras.

Margen

El trading con margen es otra forma de llamar al apalancamiento, ya que en ocasiones los fondos requeridos para abrir y mantener una posición equivalen a una parte del total.

Se necesitan dos tipos de márgenes para los CFDs. Uno de depósito como garantía para abrir una posición y otro de mantenimiento si la operación se acerca a pérdidas que el depósito inicial no puede cubrir. Cuando esto sucede, tu proveedor realiza una llamada de margen para que ingreses más fondos a tu cuenta, con el riesgo de que te cierren la posición y efectivicen las pérdidas en caso de que los fondos sean insuficientes.

Cobertura

Los CFD pueden utilzarse para cubrirse por las pérdidas de otras posiciones abiertas.

Abrir una cuenta de CFDs

El riesgo de los CFDs es considerablemente mayor que las operaciones ordinarias con acciones. Esto en la práctica, implica que no cualquiera puede operar CFD.

Sin embargo, la mayoría de los proveedores de CFDs ofrecen a cursos gratuitos y otros recursos educativos para ayudarlos a entender los riesgos y consejos para controlarlos.

Existe una herramienta muy importante para los traders que quieran operar con CFD: los stop losses. Básicamente se trata de instrucciones que se pueden dejar al proveedor de CFD para que cierre automáticamente una posición si el mercado se mueve de forma desfavorable.

Como muchos traders sienten inseguridad o temer de perder más de lo previsto por la rapidez de movimientos del mercado, algunos proveedores ofrecen stops garantizados.

Existe finalmente opción de abrir una cuenta de riesgo limitado, donde sólo se pueden realizar operaciones en las que haya un stop garantizado asociado y suficientes fondos en la cuenta para cubrir la peor pérdida potencial.

Trading: Todo sobre los CFD (2024)

FAQs

Why is CFD trading so hard? ›

This requires constant vigilance of the market and price movements. As well as the use of effective risk management to safeguard funds. Some of the most popular risk management tools used in CFD trading are stop-loss and take-profit orders.

How do you trade CFD effectively? ›

  1. Develop your knowledge of CFDs. ...
  2. Build a trading plan. ...
  3. Stick to your CFD trading strategy. ...
  4. Analyse the markets to time your trades. ...
  5. Make sure you understand your total position size. ...
  6. Manage your risk with stops and limits. ...
  7. Start small and diversify your trading over time. ...
  8. Monitor your open positions.

Why is CFD trading illegal in US? ›

Why Are CFDs Illegal in the U.S.? Part of the reason why a CFD is illegal in the U.S. is that it is an over-the-counter (OTC) product, which means that it doesn't pass through regulated exchanges. Using leverage also allows for the possibility of larger losses and is a concern for regulators.

Why do most CFD traders lose money? ›

CFD Traders Reducing risk exposure

One of the main reasons many traders fail is the lack of risk management strategies. By failing to adopt certain risk management techniques and simply opening trades without protecting their trades with take-profit and stop-loss orders, they risk losing all their trading funds.

Can you be rich from CFD trading? ›

CFD trading comes with a lot of risk, but this doesn't mean that large profits aren't possible. While there are a lot of stories of people who have profited by trading online, there are equally a large number of people who have lost their money.

Is CFD trading real or fake? ›

It is as real as any form of traditional investing or trading but has some unique aspects that set it apart from other forms of investing or trading. One of the reasons for CFDs' appeal is that a contract for difference (CFD) allows you to trade a currency pair, a stock, an index, or a commodity without owning it.

How many CFD traders are successful? ›

Most CFD traders do not have a high success rate. In fact, 82% of CFD traders lose money and the average loss amounts to £2,200 when trading these products.

How do you master CFD trading? ›

6 steps to trading CFDs
  1. Learn what CFD trading is.
  2. Create and fund a CFD trading account.
  3. Choose your market and timeframe.
  4. Decide whether to buy or sell.
  5. Set your stops and limits.
  6. Monitor your CFD trade and close your position.

What percentage of CFD traders lose money? ›

What percentage of CFD traders lose money? Our informal survey suggests that between 62% and 82% of all retail CFD traders lose money. The best CFD broker has “only” 62% losing traders, while the worst has 82%.

Is CFD just gambling? ›

CFD trading and gambling are two distinct activities. Whilst commonalities may exist as far as speculation is concerned, the one is not the same as the other. But to understand the differences requires having a fundamental understanding of both concept.

Can you lose money on CFD trading? ›

You can 'buy' an asset in the hope that its price will rise (going long), or 'sell' the asset in the hope that its price will fall (going short). Always take steps to manage your risk, as CFDs come with a high risk of losing money.

Which countries are CFD banned? ›

Which countries ban CFD? CFDs are illegal in the US and Hong Kong but in other countries, they can be traded under strict regulations. In such countries as Austria, Cyprus, France, and Australia, CFD trading is legal but certain regulations are in place to protect the parties involved.

What is the biggest risk when trading a CFD? ›

CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. You do not own or have any interest in the underlying asset.

What is the most volatile CFD to trade? ›

The Most Volatile CFD Instruments of 2022
  • Bitcoin, the world's leading cryptocurrency, dominated the headlines in 2022 with its wild price swings. ...
  • WTI crude oil, a key benchmark in the oil market, remained subject to volatility throughout 2022. ...
  • Tesla's stock price was closely tied to its production and delivery numbers.

Does CFD go down if stock rises? ›

If you buy a CFD in Apple Inc stock and the price rises, your broker will credit your account in line with the price move. If the price falls, you'll record a loss, and your broker will debit your account the appropriate amount of cash.

How hard is it to learn CFD? ›

Building CFD Competency

CFD is inherently complex because it combines several components, each of which are challenging in their own right: fluid dynamics and physical modelling; geometry and meshing; numerical methods; data analysis; and, computing and programming.

Is CFD trading good for beginners? ›

CFD trading can be attractive to beginner traders, but it also involves significant risk. First, beginner traders should make sure they understand the basics of CFD trading, including leverage, margin and stop-loss orders. It's also crucial to choose a reputable and regulated CFD broker.

How long will it take to learn CFD? ›

The familiarity of commercial CFD tools like ANSYS FLUENT, STAR- CCM , COMSOL and CONVERGE takes 1 to 2 months. For open-source CFD solver like OpenFOAM, Code Saturn it will take 6 months to 1 year to understand solver setting and simulation of complex problems as it involves a lot of C++ programming.

What is the failure rate of CFD? ›

Day trading may be a highly profitable undertaking. However, historically, most people who start their trading careers fail. According to the European Securities Markets Authority (ESMA), between 74% and 89% of all new CFD traders fail and lose money.

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