One of the most frequently asked questions we get from our customers is, “What is the difference between water based and oil based poly?” Both oil and water based polyurethanes are like a coat of armor for the hardwood floor below, protecting the wood from damage. Each type of polyurethane is a sacrificial layer that will show scratches and wear marks over time, and both oil and water based polyurethane have their strengths!
DURABILITY: If each product is applied properly using quality products, the difference in durability is indiscernible. A lot of clients think that water based poly is not as durable as an oil based poly, but a newer brand, quality water based poly will last just as long if it is well taken care of! For water based polys, we recommend and use only Pallmann and Bona products, as we feel they are the highest quality water based polys on the market.
COLOR: Oil based poly has an amber hue, whereas water based poly is clear. An oil based polyurethane will continue to amber and darken over time, while water based poly will remain clear for the lifetime of the hardwood floor. This color difference is less noticeable over a stained hardwood floor, but an oil based poly will still exhibit an amber hue that will continue to darken over time.
DRYING TIMES: Oil based poly takes much longer to dry and cure, and only one coat of oil based poly can be applied to a hardwood floor in 24 hours. Water based poly dries much faster, and several coats (up to 4) can be applied in one day. Water based poly can be walked on with socks in about 4-6 hours after last coat has been applied, while oil based poly must dry for at least 24 hours before walking on it with socks.
SMELL: Oil based poly has a very pungent smell and emits a strong chemical odor and noxious fumes while drying that should not be inhaled. Applying oil based poly requires the use of a respirator and your clothes will stink for hours afterwards! We normally advise our clients to be out of the house and also to remove their pets while oil based poly is being applied and drying. Water based poly, on the other hand, has almost no smell. Water based polyurethane is safe to apply without a respirator and will not stink up the house like an oil based poly. It is safe for people and pets to occupy a house while undergoing coatings of water based poly.
THICKNESS AND HARDNESS: Oil based poly is a thicker poly, but it is also softer. Water based poly, an acrylic product, is a thinner, but harder coating. Oil poly can be more susceptible to dents, while water based poly can be more susceptible to surface scratching. Because water based is a thinner product, manufacturers recommend a sealer coat and 2 coats of finish coats. But at times, we'll recommend 3 coats of water based poly , whereas with oil 2 coats are sufficient as a minimum. For people with very large pets, we recommend either 3 coats of an oil based poly or 3 coats of Bona Traffic High Durability water based poly. Ask us for a price of the additional 4th coat of finish.
COST: Water based poly is a more expensive product. A 5 gallon bucket of oil base polyurethane costs us around $150.00 to purchase, whereas the same amount of water based poly costs us about $350.00. Expect to pay .50 - $1.50/sf more for a water based polyurethane finish. If your flooring contractor is not charging you more for a water based polyurethane, they are using a cheap brand that will not last! As previously stated, we use only Bona brand water based polyurethanes, as they are the most durable on the market.
FEEL: I have heard some people say that water based poly is a rougher finish and doesn’t feel as smooth as an oil based polyurethane. We apply both polyurethanes all the time, and both should feel the same. If you would like a third coat to make the water-based feel more like an oil-modified finish, call us for a price.
INSTANCES THAT REQUIRE WATER BASED POLY: If you are going for a gray stained, white stained or a white-washed hardwood floor, you must use a water based poly, because an oil based poly will make those floors look yellow. Over time, they will continue to look more and more yellow-ish. ICK!! Also certain very light species of wood, such as Maple, look best with a water based poly for the same reasons. Beautiful light-colored Maple turns yellow with application of an oil based poly. We also recommend a water based poly for hardwoods that have a very yellow-ish tone to them naturally, such as Ash, Pine, or Fir, because application of an oil based poly only brings out the yellow tones even more! This is a matter of taste, however, all of our clients with the aforementioned hardwood species have been very happy with the application of a clear water based poly.
Everyone has different tastes and different living conditions, and any competent professional hardwood flooring contractor should be able to offer advice as to which polyurethane is best for any particular situation.
Video Showing the Different Sheens of Our Oil Based Polyurethane. This is our Upgraded product. Different brands of oil will show different sheens.
Video Showing A Water Based Finish Over Red Oak. View More Videos on our YouTube Channel. Here's the link: https://www.youtube.com/@TheHardwoodGuysUSA/videos
I've been in the hardwood flooring business for a while now, and the intricacies of polyurethane finishes are second nature to me. The evidence is in the successful applications I've overseen, the delighted clients, and the floors that stand the test of time. Let's break down the key concepts in this article:
1. Durability:
- Proper application and quality products are crucial.
- Water-based poly can be as durable as oil-based if well-maintained.
- Pallmann and Bona are recommended for high-quality water-based polys.
2. Color:
- Oil-based poly has an amber hue, darkening over time.
- Water-based poly remains clear throughout the floor's lifetime.
- Color difference is less noticeable over stained hardwood.
3. Drying Times:
- Oil-based poly takes longer to dry (24 hours per coat).
- Water-based poly dries faster; multiple coats can be applied in a day.
- Walkable with socks in 4-6 hours for water-based, 24 hours for oil-based.
4. Smell:
- Oil-based poly emits a strong, pungent smell and noxious fumes.
- Requires a respirator; occupants and pets advised to leave during application.
- Water-based poly has almost no smell, safe for occupants and pets.
5. Thickness and Hardness:
- Oil-based poly is thicker but softer.
- Water-based poly is thinner but forms a harder coating.
- Oil can be more prone to dents; water-based to surface scratching.
6. Cost:
- Water-based poly is more expensive (about $1.50/sf more).
- Bona brand water-based polys are recommended for durability.
7. Feel:
- Some claim water-based feels rougher, but it should feel similar to oil-based.
- Additional coats can be applied to make water-based feel more like oil-based.
8. Instances for Water-Based Poly:
- Gray, white, or white-washed floors require water-based poly to avoid yellowing.
- Light species like Maple benefit from water-based poly to prevent yellowing.
- Yellow-toned woods like Ash, Pine, or Fir can use water-based to avoid enhancing yellow tones.
In essence, the choice between water-based and oil-based poly depends on factors like color preference, drying time, smell tolerance, and budget. Each has its strengths, and understanding these nuances ensures a flooring choice that aligns with both aesthetic and practical considerations.
