Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness. (2024)

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Economy

Ayelet Sheffey

2024-01-15T16:15:53Z

Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness. (1)

Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness. (2) Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness. (3)
  • On average, respondents to a new survey said they needed $1.2 million in the bank to be happy.
  • Millennial respondents said happiness would come from a $525,000 annual salary.
  • Nobel prize winner's research suggests that there is a limited link between money and happiness.

Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness. (4)

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Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness. (6)

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If money can buy happiness, a new survey suggests each generation may have a different idea of what that price tag would be.

Last year, Empower — a financial-services company — released the results of a survey conducted by The Harris Poll in August 2023 that asked 2,034 Americans ages 18 and over about what they thought the key to financial happiness really was. Turns out, 59% of respondents said happiness could be bought, and respondents on average said it would take having $1.2 million in the bank to be truly happy financially.

When it came to annual salary, respondents said they needed $284,167 a year to be happy. Here's what each generation, on average, said it needed to earn annually, as well as the net worth required, to achieve happiness:

  • Gen Z: $128,000, with a net worth of $487,711

  • Millennials: $525,000, with a net worth of $1,699,571

  • Gen X: $130,000, with a net worth of $1,213,759

  • Boomers: $124,000, with a net worth of $999,945

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Men said they needed to earn $381,000 annually, while women said $183,000 would make them happy.

To be sure, Empower's survey asked open-ended questions, meaning respondents could enter any amount and wildly high responses could presumably skew the data. In another survey question, only 17% of respondents defined "financial happiness" as "reaching a certain net worth," and less than two-thirds of respondents agreed thatmoney could buy happiness in the first place.

The link between money and happiness

Daniel Kahneman, a Nobel-prize-winning psychologist and economist, has dedicated research to understanding the link between money and happiness. A 2023 study he coauthored found that happiness seemed to improve with higher earnings up to at least $500,000 annually.

Related story

"In the simplest terms, this suggests that for most people, larger incomes are associated with greater happiness," said Matthew Killingsworth, a senior fellow at Penn's Wharton School and coauthor of the study. "The exception is people who are financially well-off but unhappy. For instance, if you're rich and miserable, more money won't help. For everyone else, more money was associated with higher happiness to somewhat varying degrees."

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The least happy people in the study seemed to see minimal happiness benefits after $120,000. People with higher happiness levels seemed to see continuing benefits up through about $500,000, the highest income they measured.

Those numbers seem to have risen over time. A 2010 study by Kahneman and another Nobel recipient, Angus Deaton, found money was linked to increases in happiness only up to $75,000 in annual earnings; after that point, extra money had little impact.

Still, there's more to it than just the annual salary. The Empower survey indicated that inflation, high interest rates, and student loans weighed on Americans' financial security and that having the comfort of spending money on everyday items could boost the feeling of financial happiness. For example, 62% of the millennial respondents said they would be willing to pay $7 for a daily coffee because of the joy it brings.

The latest economic data could make Americans' financial happiness goals more achievable. Inflation continues to come down as the US recovers from the coronavirus pandemic — the consumer price index, which measures inflation, increased 3.2% year over year in October, a decrease from the 3.7% reading a month prior.

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The Federal Reserve has also pressed pause on its interest-rate hikes given the promising inflation data, and the central bank no longer forecasts a recession as the year ends.

But as Business Insider previously reported, millennials are still not doing too well in this economy. In Morning Consult's latest iteration of its financial well-being index, which tracks the financial security of respondents, millennials' score sunk to .94, compared with baby boomers' 4.04 score from August 2022 to August 2023. A one-point increase could be a result of incomes increasing or credit scores going up by 20 points, Morning Consult said.

The latest Survey of Consumer Finances from the Federal Reserve, however, gave a glimmer of hope for millennials when it comes to net worth. The survey indicated that net worth for the typical family surged 37% from 2019 to 2022 and that the median net worth of Americans ages 35 to 44 was $135,000 in 2022, up from $105,610 in 2019.

Have you found a way to be happy with your current salary? Do you have thoughts on the price of happiness? Reach out to this reporter at asheffey@businessinsider.com.

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December 29, 2023: This story was updated to clarify the types of open-ended questions in Empower's survey and provide more details about the research findings from Kahneman, Deaton, and Killingsworth.

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Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness. (7)

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Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness. (2024)

FAQs

Millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy. Here's what a Nobel prize winner's research says about money and happiness.? ›

The link between money and happiness. Daniel Kahneman, a Nobel-prize-winning psychologist and economist, has dedicated research to understanding the link between money and happiness. A 2023 study he coauthored found that happiness seemed to improve with higher earnings up to at least $500,000 annually.

Did millennials said in a survey they needed $525,000 a year to be happy? ›

In a 2023 study by financial services company Empower, millennials reported needing to earn $525,000 a year to be happy. Notably, this is significantly more than the national median income of that age group, which is approximately $81,000 a year, according to a study by Scholaroo.

Do millennials need 500k a year to be happy? ›

Gen Z, Gen X and boomers indicated they only needed a somewhat modest income of $124,000 – $130,000 to be happy, far below the “average” of $284,167 for the entire survey. But millennials greatly skewed the results, requiring a whopping $525,000 per year in income to be happy.

What was the main thing that 80% of millennials said would make them happy? ›

If you were going to invest now in your future best self, where would you put your time and your energy? There was a recent survey of millennialsasking them what their most important life goals were, and over 80 percent said that a major life goal for them was to get rich.

What is a millennial salary happy? ›

Baby Boomers, for instance, estimate their annual income needs at $124,000 to achieve happiness. In contrast, Millennials contend that a considerably higher annual income of $526,000 is necessary for them to feel a similar sense of joy.

Do millennials need 525k to feel happy? ›

On average, respondents to a new survey said they needed $1.2 million in the bank to be happy. Millennial respondents said happiness would come from a $525,000 annual salary. Nobel prize winner's research suggests that there is a limited link between money and happiness.

Are millennials the unhappiest generation? ›

Millennials and Gen Z are the unhappiest—but only in America

That top 10 includes all five Nordic countries. Meanwhile, the United States was pushed back to the 23rd spot. But intriguingly, Gallup's report also delves into the factors that impact a population's happiness—and this year, age was a big indicator.

What is considered a rich Millennial? ›

A survey by Wells Fargo found that 29% of affluent millennials (defined as having assets of $250,000 to over $1 million of investible assets) admit they "sometimes buy items they cannot afford to impress others." According to the survey, 41% of affluent millennials admit to funding their lifestyles with credit cards or ...

At what age should you have 500k? ›

Yes, it is possible to retire comfortably on $500k. This amount allows for an annual withdrawal of $30,000 and below from the age of 60 to 85, covering 25 years. If $20,000 a year, or $1,667 a month, meets your lifestyle needs, then $500k is enough for your retirement.

Do millennials need half a million to be happy? ›

Millennials say they need to earn half a million dollars a year to be happy—nearly four times as much as other generations. How much money does it take to be happier? Money may not be able to buy happiness outright, but it sure can help.

Are millennials happier than boomers? ›

Age and generation both matter for happiness. As between generations, those born before 1965 (Boomers and their predecessors) have life evaluations about one-quarter of a point higher than those born after 1980 (Millennials and Gen Z).

What was the best generation to be born? ›

The Greatest Generation commonly refers to those Americans who were born in the 1900s through the 1920s. The Greatest Generation members lived through the Great Depression and many of them fought in World War II.

What is the biggest stressor for millennials? ›

CharacteristicPercentage of millennials
My long-term financial future43%
My day-to-day finances39%
The health/welfare of my family39%
Concerns about my mental health30%
1 more row
Nov 29, 2023

Is $105000 a year a good salary? ›

The research found the optimal income for life satisfaction in North America is $105,000 per year. If your income exceeds that amount, it has been found that whatever you make beyond that level is not associated with greater life satisfaction. In fact, it reduces life satisfaction.

What of millennials living paycheck to paycheck? ›

Nearly three-quarters (73.2%) of millennials report living paycheck to paycheck. That's the highest of any generational cohort.

What is the salary to live a happy life? ›

The number is down from 2023, where it cited a salary of $145,365 to be happy living in California. California's unemployment rate of 4.7% trails only Nevada in the study. Which states require a higher salary than California in order to be happy? Only Massachusetts and Hawaii.

How much money do I need to earn to be happy? ›

Just how much money do we need to earn to be happy nowadays? The answer is a bit more than the often cited $75,000 per year. In a 2023 paper published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) journal, key findings suggest that earnings up to $500,000 boost and buy overall happiness.

What is the average salary for millennials? ›

The average Millennial salary is about $47,034, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The average Millennial household makes $69,000 a year, according to the Pew Research Center.

How much money do millennials spend a year? ›

Younger adults' spending
Expenditures1989 average2022 average
Miscellaneous$1,365$895
Cash contributions$1,180$1,003
Personal insurance and pensions$5,966$9,127
Average annual expenditures$62,992$67,883
11 more rows
May 8, 2024

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