Course Policies for the Economics Major (2024)

Required Math for the Economics Major

The only Math course required for the Economics major is MATH 1110, which covers differential calculus. Successful completion of this course (which means a grade of C or better) is required for admission to the Economics major, and it is a prerequisite for the core Economics courses—ECON 3030, ECON 3040, ECON 3110, ECON3120, ECON 3130, and ECON 3140 (note that ECON 3130 and ECON 3140 also require MATH 1120 which covers integral calculus).

For admission to the Economics major, credit for MATH 1110 must appear on your Cornell transcript. There are many ways to get credit for MATH 1110, including placement credit (see theMath Department's Advanced Placement for Calculus page.)

Recommended Math for the Economics Major

Economics courses frequently use math techniques at a level beyond MATH 1110. Statistics and econometrics classes use material from integral calculus (MATH 1120), and core microeconomics, core macroeconomics, and many advanced electives use material from multivariable calculus (MATH 2130 or MATH 2220). These math courses are not typically required for economics courses, and, professors often try to teach any additional mathematical techniques that are needed. Therefore, if you do not enjoy taking math courses, you can probably survive the Economics major having only taken MATH 1110. That said, if you are really averse to using math, the Economics major is not a good choice for you.

Even though we do not require it, taking additional math courses beyond MATH 1110 can be very beneficial, both for your economics coursework at Cornell (you will understand the material better) and for your life after Cornell (math is a broadly applicable skill). We recommend that Economics majors take math at least through a multivariable calculus course. This requires two or three more math courses beyond MATH 1110 because all multivariable calculus courses require MATH 1120 (integral calculus).

There are two paths our majors commonly take after taking MATH 1120

  • MATH 2210 and MATH 2220: This two-course sequence covers both linear algebra (MATH 2210) and multivariable calculus (MATH 2220). Linear algebra is a valuable skill that can be useful for econometrics and advanced theory courses, and it is also necessary if you want to consider graduate work in economics (see below). MATH 2210 and MATH 2220 is the main sequence on linear algebra and multivariable calculus taken by most Math majors.
  • MATH 2130: MATH 2130 is a “terminal” course in the sense that it is a course on multivariable calculus designed for students who do not intend to go much further in math. In principle, MATH 2130 is the multivariable calculus course that is most tightly connected to the multivariable calculus used in undergraduate economics (with a focus on applications of the math). If you are primarily taking math courses to help get the most out of the Economics major, this course may be right for you.

Another option to consider for those students not wanting to take on MATH 2210 and MATH 2220, but who would like to learn some linear algebra along with multivariable calculus, is to take both MATH 2130 and MATH 2310. MATH 2310 is a linear algebra course that emphasizes practical applications more than MATH 2210. Like MATH 2130, MATH 2310 is a “terminal” course.

Math Preparation for Economics Graduate Programs

If you are considering graduate school in Economics, you need to take even more math. Economics research makes heavy use of mathematics, and economics Ph.D. programs assume students enter the program with a strong mathematics background. When Ph.D. programs review applications for admission, one of the biggest concerns is a student’s mathematical preparation for graduate work in economics.

In preparation for economics graduate work, at a minimum, you should complete (1) MATH 1110, (2) MATH 1120, (3) a course on linear algebra, (4) a course on multivariable calculus, and (5) a course on analysis. The first four courses are discussed in the section above. For analysis, there are two main options:

  • MATH 3110: Analysis involves reading and eventually constructing formal mathematical proofs. Indeed, perhaps the main benefit of taking analysis is to gain experience in constructing formal mathematical proofs. MATH 3110 is the analysis course designed for students who begin the course with a limited background/comfort level in reading formal proofs.
  • MATH 4130: MATH 4130 is an honors version of analysis, designed for students who begin the course with experience and comfort reading formal mathematical proofs. This course has the advantage of permitting you to take the next course in analysis, which is MATH 4140.

Beyond analysis, we encourage you to take one or more additional math courses (and you will be even more competitive if you double major in math). There are many paths that you could take, depending on your interests:

  • Advanced analysis: MATH 4140.
  • Differential equations and dynamical systems: MATH 3230 and MATH 4200.
  • Advanced linear algebra: MATH 4310 (Note: Unlike for analysis, the honors version of advanced linear algebra (MATH 4330) is much harder than MATH 4310.)
  • Stochastic processes: MATH 4740.

You might also consider taking courses in Operations Research and Information Engineering (ORIE) in the College of Engineering. This department offers numerous courses on optimization (for example, ORIE 3300, ORIE 3310, and ORIE 4320), as well as courses on game theory (for example, ORIE 4350).

Before taking any advanced math course, it is a good idea to obtain a copy of the syllabus and show it to your Economics advisor or the Director of Undergraduate Studies to make sure that it contains material that is useful for economics. Even a course which has covered useful material in the past, may cease to be useful if it is taught by a different professor with different interests. As with any subject at Cornell, the content of upper level math courses is heavily dependent on the individual professor’s interests and expertise.

Other Thoughts on Math Courses

For students who are interested in the Economics major but who are worried about their mathematical background as they enter Cornell, please note that there is significant academic support for both MATH 1110 and MATH 1120. You can enroll in one of the Academic Support Courses provided by theCornell Learning Strategies Center(MATH 1011 to support MATH 1110, and MATH 1012 to support MATH 1120). In addition, you can use the services and resources of theCornell Mathematics Support Center.

Please note that the Math Department strongly discourages students from taking two courses at the same time from the calculus (differential, integral, and multivariable) and linear algebra group, especially if one course is a prerequisite for the other. The temptation to double up in an effort to get to advanced Math courses more quickly can often lead to poor grades in one or both courses and an unnecessarily stressful semester. If you feel that you must take two of these courses at the same time, please speak with the Math Director of Undergraduate Studies to assess whether this is in any way possible.

Some students arrive at Cornell with placement credit for MATH 1110, but nonetheless worry that they might not have the comfort level with calculus necessary for the core Economics courses. For such students, if you want to solidify your basic calculus, you can forgo your placement credit and take MATH 1110. Alternatively, you could enroll in MATH 1120 during your freshman year, and learning this new material can help reinforce the material that you learned prior to coming to Cornell.

Course Policies for the Economics Major (2024)

FAQs

How hard is economics major? ›

The economics major is not an easy degree choice. It requires a great deal of critical thinking and analysis on the part of economics students. As you advance in your coursework, the subject matter covered in economics degrees become even more thought-provoking and challenging.

Is economics major math heavy? ›

Economics courses frequently use math techniques at a level beyond MATH 1110. Statistics and econometrics classes use material from integral calculus (MATH 1120), and core microeconomics, core macroeconomics, and many advanced electives use material from multivariable calculus (MATH 2130 or MATH 2220).

Can I study economics if I'm bad at math? ›

According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), four important qualities economists should have are analytical skills, critical-thinking skills, speaking skills and writing skills. You cultivate strong skills in all of these areas even if you are “bad” at math.

Do you need calculus 3 for economics? ›

The minimal math background for any prospective graduate student in economics is Calculus I-III, Linear Algebra, a probability course (3000 level or higher) and a statistics course (3000 level or higher).

Is ECON one of the hardest majors? ›

So why do people consider economics a difficult major? In this area, you will take a lot of math and statistics classes and do plenty of critical thinking and synthesizing of data – so it can definitely be hard!

Is economics a well paying major? ›

You can expect a very high salary with an economics degree and some experience. For example, Salary.com reported an $87,390 average salary rate for corporate economist I job roles in 2021.

Can I do economics if I hate math? ›

Can I study economics if I hate math classes? Yes, you can! It is not entirely impossible, but you might have lesser options and fewer career paths when you eventually graduate from the university.

Is economics a lot of calculus? ›

Because the study of economics involves a substantial amount of quantitative analysis, Economics majors are required to complete a course in calculus prior to beginning the courses of the major.

Does economics have a lot of calculus? ›

Although economics graduate programs have varying admissions requirements, graduate training in economics is highly mathematical. Most economics PhD programs expect applicants to have had advanced calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, and basic probability theory.

What kind of math do economists use? ›

Economists use calculus in order to study economic change whether it involves the world or human behavior. Calculus has two main branches: Differential calculus is the study of the definition, properties, and applications of the derivative of a function (rates of change and slopes of curves).

What math is most useful for economics? ›

While math in general is useful, most economics relies heavily on a couple areas: (i) calculus, (ii) linear algebra, (iii) proof, and (iv) statistics.

Why is there so much math in economics? ›

Key Takeaways. Mathematical economics is a form of economics that relies on quantitative methods to describe economic phenomena. Although the discipline of economics is heavily influenced by the bias of the researcher, mathematics allows economists to precisely define and test economic theories against real world data.

Is economics basically math? ›

Economics is not math, but rather math is a tool for presenting and manipulating/exploring/using economic models. Many economic models use math to explain cause and effect.

Do you need stats or calculus for economics? ›

Typically, calculus is required for those studying advanced economics, and statistics prepares students for social science research. While we think both are important, statistics is especially important for PPE, so we strongly advise taking at least one STAT course.

How important is linear algebra in economics? ›

In economics, two areas where the linear algebra is typically used are the theory of macroeconomics and the theory of economic policy, where the economic aggregates are always modeled as linear equations.

What major has the highest dropout rate? ›

Students who major in computer science tend to have the highest dropout rate, followed by advertising and agriculture majors. College is a significant investment, and selecting the right major can aid in your success.

What's the easiest major in college? ›

Business Major

Business isn't just one of the easiest college majors — it's also the most popular major. You'll study core topics like accounting, management, and organizational behavior. You can specialize your skills with upper-level courses in logistics, training and development, or entrepreneurship.

What is the hardest bachelors degree? ›

Top 15 Hardest College Majors Table of Contents
  • Chemistry.
  • Environmental Economics and Policy.
  • Environmental Earth Science.
  • American Studies.
  • Nuclear Engineering.
  • Energy Engineering.
  • Astrophysics.
  • Applied Mathematics.
Mar 16, 2023

Do economists make 6 figures? ›

Yes, economists typically make a lot of money. While there is a wide range of roles with different salary levels, most economists make at least $100,000 in a year.

Should I get a BA or BS in economics? ›

If you are more interested in the theory behind economics and its practical application, you should consider the B.A. degree since it offers more opportunities to take theory-based economic classes. If you are interested in the math behind economic decisions, the B.S. degree is a better choice for you.

Which pays more economics or finance? ›

The earning potential and salaries are comparable between the finance and economics fields. While the professions are related to one another, they're also very diverse, and salary can range based on the type and level of the job. As candidates gain more experience, they can typically negotiate for higher salaries.

How hard is masters in economics? ›

An economics master's degree is hard to get because the math and statistics skills required are much more advanced than you'll need for a bachelor's degree. Many students find getting an economic master's degree is hard, especially if they don't have extensive experience in the field.

What major should I choose if I hate math? ›

Online Degrees That Don't Require Math

Anthropology. Communications. Criminal Justice. Culinary Arts.

Is there a lot of math in microeconomics? ›

Microeconomics can be, but is not necessarily, math-intensive. Fundamental microeconomic assumptions about scarcity, human choice, rationality, ordinal preferences or exchange do not require any advanced mathematical skills.

How much calc used in econ major? ›

Economics involves a lot of fairly easy calculus rather than a little very hard calculus. Primarily, this means calculation of simple derivatives and the occasional bit of integration. Doing economics is a great way to become good at calculus! You will get lots of exposure to simple calculus problems.

Is finance or economics more math heavy? ›

On the economics side, calculus also comes into play which is more difficult than the math that you get into on the finance side which is mainly just algebraic equations at the undergrad level. You can check out a video about the difference between finance and economics below.

Should I take macro or microeconomics first? ›

Both courses are prerequisites for nearly all other economics classes. Later on, the original order is reversed: an intermediate course in macroeconomics is recommended during the fourth semester, followed by intermediate microeconomics during the fifth semester.

Is math in economics hard? ›

Economics is the hardest (most formal/mathematical) social science. Not as rigorous (hard) as natural sciences, but we have borrowed some of the mathematical aparatus from physics and engineering.

Is economics hard in college? ›

A college-level economics class can be challenging because you need to grasp new concepts like supply and demand, scarcity, diminishing returns, and opportunity costs. It requires you learn new vocabulary and to use critical thinking skills. But those theories, concepts, and terms build upon one another.

How much math is in econ? ›

Math and statistics are used in economics, but at the undergraduate degree level, the math and statistics are certainly not overwhelming. Economics majors are usually required to take one statistics course and one math course (usually an introductory calculus course).

Is economics a competitive major? ›

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), there is a lot of competition for economics-related positions at the graduate level, and many graduates decide to apply their learning in other fields.

Is economics a science or a math? ›

Economics is generally regarded as a social science, which revolves around the relationships between individuals and societies.

Is economics a math or social studies? ›

Economics is a social science focused on the economy and economic activities. Students majoring in economics study economic systems and how individuals and organizations produce and exchange goods.

What are the disadvantages of mathematics in economics? ›

The problem with math as used in modern economics is that the math is often used to describe models of human behavior. Modeling human behavior, whether with math or otherwise, is incredibly difficult especially over long time scales, if our goal is to make the model match reality.

What branch of science is economics? ›

Economics is a social science with stakes in many other fields, including political science, geography, mathematics, sociology, psychology, engineering, law, medicine and business. The central quest of economics is to determine the most logical and effective use of resources to meet private and social goals.

Do you need AP stats for economics? ›

Who should ideally take AP Stats? It is recommended to students who are aspiring to do majors in Economics, Business or Computers or Data Science related courses.

What statistics do you need for economics? ›

Descriptive statistics are used to describe data. Economists often calculate the following descriptive statistics for a given region: The mean household income. The standard deviation of household incomes.

Why is linear algebra harder than calculus? ›

The pure mechanics of Linear algebra are very basic, being far easier than anything of substance in Calculus. The difficulty is that linear algebra is mostly about understanding terms and definitions and determining the type of calculation and analysis needed to get the required result.

What branch of math is linear algebra? ›

Linear algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with linear equations and their representations in the vector space using matrices. In other words, linear algebra is the study of linear functions and vectors. It is one of the most central topics of mathematics.

How is matrix algebra used in economics? ›

Matrix algebra is useful for computing the variance (or risk) of a portfolio that contains many assets. Optimal portfolio weights are calculated by maximizing the risk-adjusted return of a portfolio or by maximizing expected utility of a risk-averse investor.

Is finance or economics harder? ›

A serious finance person often refers to themselves as a financial economist. That being said, finance is a narrower subject than economics and it takes years to learn the various areas of economics, not that the typical grad student covers them all. Ph. D.'s in finance get out quicker-a 5 year median versus 7 years.

Is economics harder than accounting? ›

Economics is harder than accounting a lot . Actually, accounting is one of the simplest subject (for some people) to study at university. Whatever how are you good at accounting, you will never win Nobel Prize like an Economist.

What is the hardest part of economics? ›

The most difficult concept in economics is that if transaction cost. I do not know of anybody other than Ronald Coase to have any clue what it is. Definition: The transaction cost is the cost, after an object has already been produced, to send it from the original producer to the ultimate consumer.

Who gets paid more economics or finance? ›

The earning potential and salaries are comparable between the finance and economics fields. While the professions are related to one another, they're also very diverse, and salary can range based on the type and level of the job. As candidates gain more experience, they can typically negotiate for higher salaries.

What degree pays more finance or economics? ›

Both economics and finance degrees are great for getting a high-paying job. The National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) reported an average starting salary of $55,965 for economics majors. Finance students weren't far beyond with a $55,609 mean wage.

Is college econ hard? ›

A college-level economics class can be challenging because you need to grasp new concepts like supply and demand, scarcity, diminishing returns, and opportunity costs. It requires you learn new vocabulary and to use critical thinking skills.

What jobs can I get with an economics degree? ›

Common career paths for economics graduates include:
  • Economist.
  • Financial risk analyst.
  • Data analyst.
  • Financial planner.
  • Accountant.
  • Economic researcher.
  • Financial consultant.
  • Investment analyst.

Is it better to major in economics or accounting? ›

While both fields of study have their advantages, the benefits of choosing accounting over economics include a more specialized curriculum, a more straightforward career path and clearer opportunities for advancement.

Should I major in economics or accounting? ›

Accounting can set you up nicely for a job right out of university. While economics gives you the framework to understand politics, finance and decision making. Helping you in many careers you may decide upon and giving you more freedom to move careers later on.

How can I learn economics easily? ›

How to learn economics without schooling
  1. Watch instructional lectures. ...
  2. Complete massive open online courses (MOOC) ...
  3. Read economics books. ...
  4. Research economics articles. ...
  5. Discuss concepts with economics professionals. ...
  6. Join learning communities.
Mar 10, 2023

Is a BS in economics worth it? ›

This growth is driven by the increasing need for data analysis and economic expertise in a wide range of industries and organizations. Pursuing an economics degree can be an excellent choice for those interested in the study of markets, trade, and other economic principles.

Is economics a BA or BS? ›

The Department of Economics offers both a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Science. The two majors differ in admission requirements and in graduation requirements.

Are econ majors employable? ›

"Individuals with a bachelor's degree in economics can obtain various entry-level jobs in banks, financial institutions and government agencies as a financial analyst, credit analyst, market research analyst, research associate and so on," he says.

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