Can A Prosecutor Use Facebook and Instagram Posts as Evidence Against a Defendant in a New York Criminal Case? - Najmi Law (2024)

Can A Prosecutor Use Facebook and Instagram Posts as Evidence Against a Defendant in a New York Criminal Case? - Najmi Law (1)

Police and prosecutors regularly scour the social media accounts of defendants and known offenders for potential evidence to use against them. Occasionally, a third party might send the police screenshots or links to a particular social media post. And you can face a new arrest and additional charges because of a Facebook Instagram post.

Can This Be Used as Evidence?

To be properly admitted into evidence, a social media post would have to be authenticated just like any other piece of evidence. Just like photographs, screenshots, and videos, the prosecutor must first establish through testimony that the item “accurately represent[s] the subject matter depicted” People v. Byrnes, 33 N.Y.2d 343 (1974), and has not been altered in any way. People v. McGee, 49 N.Y.2d 48 (1979). However social media accounts require proof of more than just that, and the prosecutor must also establish that you have ownership and control of the account in question. People v. Price, 29 N.Y.3d 472 (2017). In Price, the Court of Appeals held that “the authentication requirement cannot be satisfied solely by proof that the defendant’s surname and picture appear on the profile page.”

How Could Ownership and Control be established?

In today’s digital age, with the widespread accessibility of Photoshop, Deepfakes, and AI, no one is safe from the dangers of false accounts, stolen identities, and even “catfishing.” Because of this, it’s necessary that the prosecutor prove that whatever post or message was uploaded was made by an account that you own and control, and the prosecutor’s own affirmation that the account belongs to you is not enough. Lord v. Columbia County Sheriff, 75 Misc. 3d 581 (2021). Social media accounts have been rejected where the court was not satisfied with the authentication because, among other things, the prosecutor could not prove the account belonged to, and was controlled by, defendant. People v. Upson, 186 A.D.3d 1270 (App. Div. 2d Dept, 2020) However, the Second Department held in People v. Kingsberry, a Facebook post was properly authenticated where a Facebook representative testified to the veracity of the account, and a close friend of the Defendant testified to regularly communicating with the defendant almost daily through that account. 194 A.D.3d 843(App. Div. 2d Dept, 2021).

So, Can the Prosecutor Use My Facebook/Instagram Post or Not?

Maybe, but it needs to be properly authenticated to be admissible as evidence. Posts or Stories, even if taken down, can potentially be used if a screenshot, photograph, or other record of it exists, and it can be proven to have come from an account you control and someone can establish the post has been unaltered and is a fair and accurate representation of what was actually posted.

Can A Prosecutor Use Facebook and Instagram Posts as Evidence Against a Defendant in a New York Criminal Case? - Najmi Law (2024)

FAQs

Can A Prosecutor Use Facebook and Instagram Posts as Evidence Against a Defendant in a New York Criminal Case? - Najmi Law? ›

Posts or Stories, even if taken down, can potentially be used if a screenshot, photograph, or other record of it exists, and it can be proven to have come from an account you control and someone can establish the post has been unaltered and is a fair and accurate representation of what was actually posted.

Can social media posts be used as evidence in a crime? ›

While social media can be compelling evidence, its admissible nature in a criminal case depends on the authenticity and admissibility criteria. Social media evidence must be authentic, meaning that It is necessary to prove that the account holder created the post, sent the message, or made the video recording.

Can Instagram posts be used against you in court? ›

If any applicable information is posted publicly on social media, it can be used as evidence by an opposing party. In some cases, private social media posts or other information can be accessed, but only if an opposing party requests access to them from the court or judge.

Can Facebook posts be used as evidence in court? ›

Can Text Messages, Emails, Or Facebook Posts Be Used To Prove Threatening Actions Against Me In Court? If investigators try to get a Facebook user's private posts or direct messages as evidence, they have to request it from the company via a warrant or subpoena. In most cases, Facebook will grant the details.

How is social media being used against defendants? ›

Posts or interactions that are perceived as incriminating, threatening, or contradicting their legal position can be used against them in court. Legal counsel often advises defendants to refrain from discussing their cases on social media to avoid adverse consequences.

Can prosecutors use social media? ›

Can Prosecutors Use Facebook and Social Media Accounts to Find Evidence About a Crime? It depends. Public postings on social media are almost never protected if anyone can see the social media content simply by visiting a person's page. When content is made publicly available, there is no expectation of privacy.

In what ways can social media be used in criminal investigations? ›

The abundance of images, interaction, and metadata stored on social media provide new, formal legal channels for police and prosecutors to investigate and prosecute sex crimes by establishing timelines, whereabouts, and other case details to substantiate rape allegations that would otherwise be dismissed.

Are Instagram posts hearsay? ›

Hearsay, California Evidence Code § 1200, 1220 – 1390

Hearsay rules also apply to evidence. Social media posts would seem to be hearsay, in that they are statements made by someone who might not be a witness, which an attorney would offer to assert the truth of the matter states.

Can police use Instagram as evidence? ›

Search warrant: The police can obtain a search warrant from a judge to search your phone or social media accounts if they have probable cause to believe that you have committed a crime or have evidence related to a crime.

Can you sue someone for what they post on social media? ›

Negative statements about people or companies appear frequently on social media sites, such as Twitter and Facebook. If they are false statements of fact, they can be considered defamation in some circ*mstances, or more specifically libel because they are written statements.

What you say on Facebook can be used against you in a court of law? ›

Yes, anything you post on Facebook can be used against you in court. This includes public posts, private messages, and even photos and videos.

Can you sue someone for what they post on Facebook? ›

Bringing a lawsuit against someone for something they said on Facebook is no different than any other type of slander case. The plaintiff must prove the above elements. On Facebook, the slanderous comments would need to be in the form of a video or livestream, as written comments on Facebook would be considered libel.

Is a social media post hearsay? ›

According to Federal Rules of Evidence, social media content may not be admissible in court when it violates federal rules or laws regarding privacy and confidentiality, or if it is considered hearsay – an out of court statement presented for the truth of the matter it asserts.

How social media can affect criminal law cases? ›

Additionally, social media can directly influence court proceedings. For example, witnesses or victims may share information about the case online, which could potentially influence its outcome. Judges and attorneys must be vigilant in monitoring and addressing these issues to ensure a fair trial.

How social media is used in court cases? ›

If you are accused of a crime, your social media posts can be used to prove that you were involved in the crime or that you had knowledge of the crime. For example, if you post about committing a crime or if you post about being involved in a crime, this evidence can be used against you in court.

What is an example of media influence on criminal cases? ›

For example, after a highly-publicized trial, aired entirely on television, a Florida jury acquitted Casey Anthony of the murder of her two-year-old daughter. The jury was then widely criticized in the media and online, leading the judge in the case to "seal" the names of jurors to protect their safety.

Can a post on a social media site be used as evidence of character? ›

Social media platforms are considered public spaces. If a photo, statement, or other activity is posted on a social media page—whether private or public—law enforcement can use it as relevant evidence.

Are social media posts hearsay? ›

Hearsay, California Evidence Code § 1200, 1220 – 1390

Hearsay rules also apply to evidence. Social media posts would seem to be hearsay, in that they are statements made by someone who might not be a witness, which an attorney would offer to assert the truth of the matter states.

Are social media screenshots admissible in court? ›

It's Depends upon whether it's is Admissible or Inadmissible , in court as Screenshot of phone or computer that's come under electronic media. So under E-evedince(Electronic Evidence) and that's are Admissible in court if it's shown that it's from Genuine source not manipulated

Can social media posts be defamatory? ›

An online post, tweet (or retweet), video, or comment is online defamation only if it is a (1) false statement about a specific person; (2) posted or communicated to another person (or to the internet generally); and (3) damages a person's reputation.

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