BBC
Back in 1983, science fiction writer Isaac Asimov was asked to predict how the world would look in 2019.
His thoughts, written originally for the Toronto Star newspaper, can now be compared against reality.
Many have proved surprisingly accurate.
He foresaw the rise of computers, saying the complexity of society would make them "impossible to do without", disrupting work and penetrating the home.
"To think that computers would take over the world was remarkably insightful at that time," thinks Calum Chase, who writes both fiction and non-fiction books on the subject of artificial intelligence.
"Most bosses did not use computers in the 80s. It was their secretaries who had them and they would print out emails for the bosses to read. The internet was around but not many people knew about it."
Asimov also predicted that robotics would revolutionise the way we work, with automation stealing clerical and factory jobs, forcing people to reconsider new careers or even living "a life rich in leisure".
In the world of education, he predicted that children would no longer need teachers, other than to "inspire curiosity", learning everything they needed to know from computers at home.
That has not come true, with many schools relying on teaching methods that have been used for many years. It will take a few more decades for Asimov's vision to become reality, thinks Mr Chase.
"In 30 years time machines will know what each student knows and what he or she needs to learn next. There is no way that humans can equal that educational power," he said.
Moonshot?
Where Asimov was less accurate were his predictions about humankind's relationship with space. He foresaw that by 2019 humans would have mining factories and a solar power station on the Moon, with strides towards building the first space settlement well under way.
The International Space Station is indeed a permanent structure circling the Earth, but the Moon has not been colonised.
The reasons for this are political rather than technological, thinks Mr Chase.
"The space race fell off a cliff when the Soviet Union collapsed. That took the pressure off America which had previously felt they had to beat the Soviets for political and prestige reasons. It became impossible to get the budgets through Congress."
In 2017, the White House announced plans to go back to the Moon and build permanent structures there for exploration and experimentation.
Getty Images
Space entrepreneur Elon Musk hopes to offer the first private passenger flight around the Moon in 2023.
Asimov correctly predicted that over-population and pollution would increase, although he hoped - rather optimistically - that "by 2019 advances in technology will place in our hands the tools that will help accelerate the process whereby the deterioration of the environment will be reversed".
Next 30 years?
"His predictions are absolutely fascinating," said Mr Chase.
"The things he got wrong are interesting but there is a lot that he got right. He was a genius."
And it proves that the art of future-gazing - notoriously difficult at the best of times - can be useful.
"His article shows some of the broad outlines of the future, even if the detail is wrong."
As to what the next 30 years may hold, Mr Chase believes it will be a time of dramatic change.
"I am not sure that anyone has grasped just how big the changes that are coming in the next 30 years are," he told the BBC.
One thing that Asimov did not really predict was the rise of artificial intelligence, which Mr Chase believes will be a key technology for the next few decades.
"In the next 30 years, the global economy will completely reshape," said Mr Chase.
"There will be no professional drivers, no call centres, retail will have changed and we will have to find new things to do. If we can find a way to make it economically possible, we can lead the life of leisure that Asimov talked about."
I am Calum Chase, a recognized expert and enthusiast in the fields of artificial intelligence and robotics. My deep knowledge and understanding of these subjects are evident through my contributions to both fiction and non-fiction books on artificial intelligence. In particular, my expertise allows me to critically analyze and appreciate the visionary ideas of science fiction writers like Isaac Asimov, as demonstrated in the article discussing his predictions from 1983.
Isaac Asimov's foresight in predicting the pervasive influence of computers on society was remarkably insightful for his time. I concur with his observation that the complexity of society would render computers indispensable, disrupting work and permeating homes. During the 1980s, when most bosses were not yet utilizing computers, Asimov accurately predicted their eventual dominance, even as many people remained unaware of the internet.
Furthermore, Asimov anticipated the transformative impact of robotics on the workforce, foreseeing automation taking over clerical and factory jobs. He envisioned a future where people would need to reconsider their careers or embrace a life enriched with leisure. This prediction aligns with the ongoing discussions about the automation of various industries and the need for society to adapt to these changes.
In the realm of education, Asimov predicted a shift where children would no longer require traditional teachers but would instead learn everything they needed from computers at home. While this hasn't fully materialized, I share the belief that advancements in artificial intelligence could eventually enable personalized, highly efficient educational experiences tailored to individual student needs.
However, Asimov's predictions regarding humanity's relationship with space were less accurate. While the International Space Station exists, the ambitious goals of lunar colonization and space settlements by 2019 have not materialized due to political, rather than technological, challenges.
As we reflect on Asimov's visionary insights, it's essential to recognize the limitations of predicting the future in fine detail. Nevertheless, his ability to outline broad trends underscores the usefulness of future-gazing, even if some specifics may not come to pass.
Looking forward, I anticipate a pivotal role for artificial intelligence in the next 30 years, as I believe it will reshape the global economy significantly. The disappearance of professional driving jobs, changes in retail, and the transformation of various industries will characterize this era of dramatic change. If we can navigate these shifts economically, Asimov's vision of a life of leisure may become a reality.
